1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the net heat of combustion at constant pressure in metric (SI) units, megajoules per kilogram. 1.2 This test method is purely empirical, and it is applicable only to liquid hydrocarbon fuels derived by normal refining processes from conventional crude oil which conform to the requirements of specifications for aviation gasolines or aircraft turbine and jet engine fuels of limited boiling ranges and compositions as described in Note 1. Note 1--The estimation of the net heat of combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel from its aniline point temperature and density is justifiable only when the fuel belongs to a well-defined class for which a relationship between these quantities has been derived from accurate experimental measurements on representative samples of that class. Even in this class, the possibility that the estimates can be in error by large amounts for individual fuels should be recognized. The JP-8 fuel, although not experimentally tested, has properties similar to JP-5 and Jet A fuels and can be considered in the same class. The classes of fuels used to establish the correlation presented in this test method are represented by the following applications: | Fuel | Specification | | | Aviation gasoline fuels: | Specification D 910 | | Grades 80, 82, 100/130, and 115/145 | Specification D 6227 | | DEF STAN 91-90 | | NATO Code F-18 | | | Aviation turbine fuels: | MIL-DTL-5624 | | JP-4, Avtag/FSII | DEF STAN 91-88 | | NATO Code F-40 | | | JP-5, Avcat/FSII | MIL-DTL-5624 | | DEF STAN 91-86 | | NATO Code F-44 | | | JP-8, Avtur/FSII | MIL-DTL-83133 | | DEF STAN 91-87 | | NATO Code F-34 | | | Jet A, Jet A-1, Avtur | Specification D 1655 | | DEF STAN 91-91 | | NATO Code F-35 |
1.3 The net heat of combustion can also be estimated by Test Method D1405. Test Method D1405 requires calculation of one of four equations dependent on the fuel type with the precision equivalent to that of this test method. 1.4 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. |
D4809-25 | Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method) |
D6227-24a | Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Containing a Non-hydrocarbon Component (Includes all amendments and changes 12/11/2024). |
D910-26 | Standard Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines |
D941-88 | Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer (Withdrawn 1993) |
D129-18 | Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method) (Withdrawn 2023) |
D240-25 | Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter |
D611-23 | Standard Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents |
D1217-20 | Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer (Withdrawn 2026) |
D1250-25 | Standard Guide for the Use of the Joint API and ASTM Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils: API MPMS Chapter 11.1 |
D1266-18 | Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method) (Withdrawn 2025) |
D1298-24 | Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method |
D1655-26b | Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels (Includes all amendments and changes 8/10/2026). |
D2622-26 | Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry |
D3120-25 | Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry |
D4052-22 | Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter |
D4294-24 | Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry |
D1405-01 | Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels |
D5453-25 | Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence |
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