1.1 This practice covers the calculation and adjustment of calcium, strontium, and barium sulfates for the concentrate stream of a reverse-osmosis system. The calculations are used to determine the need for scale control in the operation and design of reverse-osmosis installations. This practice is applicable for all types of reverse osmosis devices (tubular, spiral wound, and hollow fiber). 1.2 This practice is applicable to both brackish waters and seawaters. |
D4195-23 | Standard Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Application |
D4194-23 | Standard Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices |
D3352-15 | Standard Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines (Withdrawn 2024) |
D1129-24 | Standard Terminology Relating to Water |
D516-22 | Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water |
D511-14(2021)e1 | Standard Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium In Water (Includes all amendments and changes 12/6/2021). |
D4382-18(2026) | Standard Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Graphite Furnace |
D6161-19 | Standard Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes |
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