ASTM D5431-08 - 1.8.2008
 
Significance and Use

Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, woven and knitted products intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.

It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable products that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.

In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: This product meets ASTM Specification ____ except for the following characteristic(s).

Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 4.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular product.

The uses and significance of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods. For additional information see Test Methods D 629, Practice D 1776, and Guide D 3938.

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1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers the evaluation of specific performance characteristics of importance in woven and knit flat, fitted, and waterbed sheet products for use in institutional and household environments.

1.2 This specification may be used by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier to establish purchasing specification requirements.

1.3 The requirements in Table 1 apply to the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.

1.4 This specification is not applicable to woven and knit products used for sheet blankets or to woven and knitted sheet products used for apparel.

1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

TABLE 1 Specification Requirements

Characteristics

Requirements

Woven

Non-flannel

Flannel

Knitted

Section

Polyester/Cotton

100 % Cotton

Flannel/Non-flannel

Breaking Force

7.1

CRT   Method Each DirectionA

222 N   (50 lbf) min

178 N   (40 lbf) min

156 N (35 lbf) min

Bursting ForceA

222 N (50 lbf) min

7.1.2

Tear Resistance, ElmendorfA

7.1.3

Each   Direction

7 N (1.5 lbf) min

7 N (1.5 lbf) min

7 N (1.5 lbf) min

Pilling

4.0

NA

NA

4.0

7.1.4

Dimensional Change:

7.1.5

Durable Press (In Each Direction)

5 % max

5 % max

3.5 % max

4 % max

Nondurable Press (Nonpreshrunk)

Length

8 % max

8 % max

8 % max

Width

6 % max

6 % max

6 % max

Preshrunk (In Each   Direction)

2 % max

3 % max

3.5 % max

Laundered Appearance

Acceptable

Acceptable

Acceptable

Acceptable

7.2.1

Fabric Appearance

SA 3.0 min

SA 2.2 minB

NA

SA 3.0 min

7.1.6

Bow and Skewness

3 % max

3 % max

3 % max

3 % max

7.1.7

Colorfastness To:C

Laundering:

7.1.8.1

Alteration in   Shade

Class 4 minD

Class 4 minD

Class 4 minD

Class 4 minD

Staining

Class 3 minE

Class 3 minE

Class 3 minE

Class 3 minE

Crocking:

7.1.8.2

Dry

Class 4 minF

Class 4 minF

Class 4 minF

Class 4 minF

Wet

Class 3 minF

Class 3 minF

Class 3 minF

Class 3 minF

Light (20 AATCC FU),

7.1.8.3

Xenon-ArcE

Step 4 minD

Step 4 minD

Step 4 minD

Step 4 minD

Perspiration

7.1.8.4

Alteration In Shade

Class 4 minD

Class 4 minD

Class 4 minD

Class 4 minD

Staining

Class 3 minE

Class 3 minE

Class 3 minE

Class 3 minE

Flammability

Class I

Class I

Class I

Class I

7.1.9

A There is more than one standard method that can be used to measure breaking force, bursting force, tear resistance, and lightfastness. These methods cannot be used interchangeably since there may be no overall correlation between them. See Notes 2-5 and Note 8.

B Recommended requirement for Easy Care Products which must be ironed.

C Class in colorfastness and 5A rating is based on a numerical scale of 5.0 for negligible color change, color transfer, or wrinkling to 1.0 for very severe color change, color transfer or wrinkling. The numerical rating in Table 1 or higher is acceptable.

D AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.

E AATCC Gray Scale for Staining.

F AATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.

 
2. Referenced Documents

D2262-83

Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant-Rate-of-Traverse Tensile Testing Machine) (Withdrawn 1995)

D5034-21(2025)

Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)

D3938-18(2023)

Standard Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instructions for Apparel and Other Textile Products

D3882-08(2025)

Standard Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven and Knitted Fabrics

D3787-16(2020)

Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles´Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test

D3786-08

Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile FabricsDiaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method

D3512-07

Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble Pilling Tester

D3136-25

Standard Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel, Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather Products

D2905-97

Standard Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for Textiles

D629-15

Standard Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles (Withdrawn 2024)

D123-23

Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles

D1776-08

Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles

D1424-25

Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus

D1230-25

Standard Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Textiles