1.1 These test methods cover the performance of engine oils intended for use in certain diesel engines. They are performed in a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine by either the 1K (0.4 % fuel sulfur) or 1N (0.04 % fuel sulfur) procedure. The only difference in the two test methods is the fuel used. Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption are measured. Also, the piston, the rings, and the liner are examined for distress and the rings for mobility. These test methods are required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy API service categories CF-4 and CH-4 for 1K, and CG-4 for 1N of Specification D 4485.

1.2 These test methods, although based on the original Caterpillar 1K/1N procedures, also embody TMC information letters issued before these test methods were first published. These test methods are subject to frequent change. Until the next revision of these test methods, TMC will update changes in these test methods by the issuance of information letters which shall be obtained from TMC (see Annex A16).

1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. When inch-pound units are standard, the SI units are shown in parenthesis. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents. Because of this, combining values from the two systems may be incompatible. Therefore, use either system independently of the other.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given within the text. Being engine tests, these test methods do have definite hazards which shall be met by safe practices (see Annex A17 on Safety).

1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:

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	Section
Introduction
Scope	1
Referenced documents	2
Terminology	3
Summary of Test Methods	4
Significance and Use	5
Apparatus	6
General Laboratory Requirements	6.1
Test Engine	6.2
Test Engine Accessories and Parts	6.3
Reagents and Materials	7
Test Oil Sample Requirements	8
Preparation of Apparatus	9
Engine Inspection	9.1
Engine Pre-Test Lubrication System Flush	9.2
Engine Pre-Test Measurements and Inspections	9.3
Engine Assembly	9.4
Pressure Testing of Fuel System Assembly	9.5
Calibration of Engine Test Stand	10
General Requirements and Frequency of Calibration	10.1
Runs	10.2
Specified Test Parameters	10.3
Calibration Test Acceptance Criteria	10.4
Action on Rejection of Calibration Test	10.5
Test Numbering	10.6
Reference Oils	10.7
Severity Adjustments	10.8
Engine Operating Procedure	11
Engine Run-In	11.1
Cool-Down Procedure	11.2
Warm-Up Procedure	11.3
Operating Conditions and Oil Additions	11.4
Measurement of Oil Consumption	11.5
Sampling Used Oil	11.6
Shutdowns, Lost Time and Off Tolerance Conditions	11.7
Recording of Exhaust Temperature	11.8
Air-Fuel Ratio Measurement	11.9
Recording of Engine Conditions	11.10
Humidity Requirements/Calibration/Measurement	11.11
Inspections, Photographs and Measurements	12
Reference to Reporting Form	12.1
Pre-Test Measurements of Engine Parts	12.2
Post-Test Information	12.3
Oil Inspections	12.4
Oil Consumption	12.5
Unscheduled Shutdowns and Off-Limit Operation	12.6
Report	13
General Directions	13.1
Specific Directions	13.2
Electronic Transmission of Test Results (Optional)	13.3
Reporting Calibration Test Results	13.4
Precision and Bias	14
Keywords	15
	ANNEXES
Specifications for Test Engine and Engine Build	Annex A1
Intake Air System Details	Annex A2
Exhaust System Details	Annex A3
Cooling System Details	Annex A4
Oil System Modifications and Instrument Locations	Annex A5
Other Pressure and Temperature Measurement Locations	Annex A6
Oil Consumption Linear Regression Method	Annex A7
Test Fuel Specifications	Annex A8
Lubrication System, Flush Apparatus and Procedure	Annex A9
Engine Operating Conditions	Annex A10
Procedure for Rating Piston and Liner	Annex A11
Calculation of Percent Offset and Percent Deviation	Annex A12
1K/1N Test Reporting - Report Forms	Annex A13
Data Dictionary	Annex A14
Parts List by Part Number (P/N) and Warranty	Annex A15
Role of Test Monitoring Center	Annex A16
Safety Precautions	Annex A17
	APPENDIXES
Humidity Data	Appendix X1
Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviation	Appendix X2
Examples of Forms for Reporting	Appendix X3
Optional Recording of Oil Pass Limits	Appendix X4