ASTM D7451-21 - 1.10.2021
 
Significance and Use

5.1?The primary use of this test method is to evaluate new additive packages in specific fuels to ensure that fuel-water separability will not be compromised by the use of the additive package, either at their normal treat rates or at several times the intended treat rate to evaluate the impact of potential overtreatment.

5.1.1?Water Volume ChangesUsing this technique reveal the presence of water-soluble components, such as alcohols, in the fuel.

5.1.2?Interface Condition RatingsUsing this technique reveal the presence of partially soluble components, such as surfactants, in the fuel.

5.2?Additives or contaminants that affect the interface could harm water separation properties of fuels in equipment and quickly inhibit the free flow of fuel through filters and injection equipment, causing a decrease in combustion performance.

 
1. Scope

1.1?This test method covers the evaluation of the tendency of water and fuels with a final boiling point of less than 390 ?C, as measured in Test Method D86, to separate cleanly rather than create emulsions when they may contain potential emulsion forming additives or components, or have been additized with potential emulsion forming additives, or components.

1.2?This test method applies primarily to gasoline, diesel, kerosine, and distillate grades of gas turbine, marine, home heating oils and furnace fuels (see Specifications D396, D975, D2880, D3699, D4814, and D6985). For fuel components such as biodiesel or alcohol, refer to X1.2 and X1.3.

1.3?This test method is not meant to certify or qualify fuels for sale, but it is intended for use by additive suppliers to determine the need for demulsifier components in their additive packages.

1.4?This test method is not meant for testing of fuels containing large amounts of aqueous soluble components, such as E85, or for testing of water emulsified fuels, or for testing of aviation fuels.

1.5?The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

1.6?This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.7?This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

 
2. Referenced Documents

D975-23a

Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel (Includes all amendments and changes 12/19/2023).

D2880-23

Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils

D86-23ae1

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Includes all amendments and changes 2/9/2024).

D396-21

Standard Specification for Fuel Oils

D1193-06(2018)

Standard Specification for Reagent Water

D2274-14(2019)

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)

D3699-19

Standard Specification for Kerosine

Distillate Fuel Bar Chart Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. . Original adjunct produced in 1991.

D6985-04

Standard Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil-Military Marine Applications

D4814-23a

Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel (Includes all amendments and changes 12/14/2023).

D4177-22e1

Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Includes all amendments and changes 3/24/2023).

D4176-22

Standard Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)

D4057-22

Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

Fuel Clarity Rating Standard Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. . Original adjunct produced in 2008.