ASTM D117-22 - 1.5.2022
 
1. Scope

1.1?This guide describes methods of testing and specifications for electrical insulating liquids intended for use in electrical cables, transformers, liquid-filled circuit breakers, and other electrical apparatus where the liquids are used as insulating, or heat transfer media, or both.

1.2?The purpose of this guide is to outline the applicability of the available test methods. Where more than one is available for measuring a given property, their relative advantages are described, along with an indication of laboratory convenience, precision, (95 % confidence limits), and applicability to specific types of electrical insulating liquids.

1.3?This guide is classified into the following categories: Sampling Practices, Physical Tests, Electrical Tests, Chemical Tests, and Specifications. Within each test category, the test methods are listed alphabetically by property measured. A list of standards follows:

Category

Section

ASTM Standard

Sampling:

3

D923

Physical Tests:

?

?

Aniline Point

4

D611

Coefficient of Thermal Ex-
pansion

5

D1903

Color

6

D1500

Examination: Visual Infrared

7

D1524, D2144, D2129

Flash and Fire Point

8

D92

Interfacial Tension

9

D971

Pour Point of Petroleum
Products

10

D97, D5949, D5950

Particle Count in Mineral
Insulating Oil

11

D6786

Refractive Index and Specific
Optical Dispersion

12

D1218

Relative Density (Specific
Gravity)

13

D287, D1217, D1298, D1481, D4052

Specific Heat

14

D2766

Thermal Conductivity

15

D2717

Viscosity

16

D445, D2161, D7042

Electrical Tests:

?

?

Dielectric Breakdown Voltage

17

D877, D1816, D3300

Dissipation Factor and Rela-
tive Permittivity (Dielectric
Constant)

18

D924

Gassing Characteristic
Under Thermal Stress

19

D7150

Gassing Tendency

20

D2300

Resistivity

21

D1169

Chemical Tests:

?

?

Acidity, Approximate

22

D1534

Carbon-Type Composition

23

D2140

Compatibility with Construc-
tion Material

24

D3455

Copper Content

25

D3635

Elements by Inductively
Coupled Plasma (ICP-AES)

26

D7151

Furanic Compounds in
Electrical Insulating Liquids

27

D5837

Dissolved Gas Analysis

28

D3612

Gas Content of Cable and
Capacitor Liquids

29

D831, D1827, D2945

Neutralization (Acid and
Base) Numbers

30

D664, D974

Oxidation Inhibitor Content

31

D2668, D4768

Oxidation Stability

32

D1934, D2112, D2440

Polychlorinated Biphenyl
Content (PCB)

33

D4059

Sulfur, Corrosive

34

D1275

Water Content

35

D1533

Specification:

?

?

Mineral Insulating Liquid for
Electrical Apparatus

36

D3487

Less Flammable Electrical
Insulating Liquids

37

D5222

Silicone Fluid used for Electrical
Insulation

38

D4652

Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester
Fluids used in Electrical
Apparatus

39

D6871

1.4?The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for information only.

1.5?This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.6?This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

 
2. Referenced Documents

D611-23

Standard Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents

D664-18e2

Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration (Includes all amendments and changes 1/4/2019).

D831-94(1999)e1

Standard Test Method for Gas Content of Cable and Capacitor Oils

D877-02

Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes

D878-01e1

Standard Test Method for Inorganic Chlorides and Sulfates in Insulating Oils

D923-15(2023)

Standard Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids

D92-18

Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester

D97-17b(2022)

Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Includes all amendments and changes 11/29/2022).

D287-22

Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer/Method)

D445-23

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

D88-07

Standard Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity

D5837-15(2023)

Standard Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

D7151-15(2023)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Elements in Insulating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

D6180-05

Standard Test Method for Stability of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Electrical Discharge (Withdrawn 2014)

D6181-03

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Turbidity in Mineral Insulating Oil of Petroleum Origin (Withdrawn 2012)

D6786-15(2023)

Standard Test Method for Particle Count in Mineral Insulating Oil Using Automatic Optical Particle Counters

D6802-02

Test Method for Determination of the Relative Content Of Dissolved Decay Products in Mineral Insulating Oils by Spectrophotometry

D7150-13(2020)

Standard Test Method for the Determination of Gassing Characteristics of Insulating Liquids Under Thermal Stress

D3487-16e1

Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus (Includes all amendments and changes 1/1/2018).

D3612-02(2017)

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas Chromatography

D3635-13(2021)

Standard Test Method for Dissolved Copper In Electrical Insulating Oil By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

D4052-22

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter

D4059-00(2018)

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography

D4768-11(2019)

Standard Test Method for Analysis of 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl Para-Cresol and 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl Phenol in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography

D5185-18

Standard Test Method for Multielement Determination of Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)

D5222-23

Standard Specification for Less Flammable High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon Mineral Electrical Insulating Liquids

D2766-95(2000)

Standard Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids

D2945-90(1998)

Standard Test Method for Gas Content of Insulating Oils

D3300-20

Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Under Impulse Conditions

D3305-94(1999)e1

Standard Practice for Sampling Small Gas Volume in a Transformer

D3455-11(2019)

Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Electrical Insulating Oil of Petroleum Origin

D1500-12(2017)

Standard Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)

D1524-15(2022)

Standard Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Electrical Insulating Liquids in the Field

D1533-20

Standard Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

D1218-21

Standard Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids

D1250-19e1

Standard Guide for the Use of the Joint API and ASTM Adjunct for Temperature and Pressure Volume Correction Factors for Generalized Crude Oils, Refined Products, and Lubricating Oils: API MPMS Chapter 11.1 (Includes all amendments and changes 5/15/2020).

D1275-24

Standard Test Method for Corrosive Sulfur in Electrical Insulating Liquids

D1298-12b(2017)e1

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method (Includes all amendments and changes 3/14/2023).

D1481-17

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer (Withdrawn 2023)

D2300-08(2017)

Standard Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insulating Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli Method)

D2440-13(2021)

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Mineral Insulating Oil

D2668-07(2021)

Standard Test Method for 2,6-di-tert-Butyl- p-Cresol and 2,6-di-tert-Butyl Phenol in Electrical Insulating Oil by Infrared Absorption

D2717-95(2000)

Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids

D2759-00(2017)

Standard Practice for Sampling Gas from a Transformer Under Positive Pressure

D1934-20

Standard Test Method for Oxidative Aging of Electrical Insulating Liquids by Open-Beaker Method

D2112-15(2023)

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Inhibited Mineral Insulating Oil by Pressure Vessel

D2140-23e1

Standard Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin (Includes all amendments and changes 2/1/2024).

D2144-07(2021)

Standard Practices for Examination of Electrical Insulating Oils by Infrared Absorption

D2161-20

Standard Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity

D2285-99

Standard Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Against Water by the Drop-Weight Method (Withdrawn 2008)

D1534-95(2017)

Standard Test Method for Approximate Acidity in Electrical Insulating Liquids by Color-Indicator Titration

D1698-03

Standard Test Method for Sediments and Soluble Sludge in Service-Aged Insulating Oils

D1807-00

Standard Test Methods for Refractive Index and Specific Optical Dispersion of Electrical Insulating Liquids

D1816-12(2019)

Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes

D1827-92(1996)e1

Standard Test Method for Gas Content (Nonacidic) of Insulating Liquids by Displacement with Carbon Dioxide

D1903-08(2017)

Standard Practice for Determining the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels

D974-22

Standard Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration

D1169-19a

Standard Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of Electrical Insulating Liquids (Includes all amendments and changes 10/10/2019).

D1217-20

Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer

D971-20

Standard Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Insulating Liquids Against Water by the Ring Method

D924-23

Standard Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids