ASTM D5446-08(2019) - 1.1.2019
 
Significance and Use

5.1 Every ASTM test method listed in 2.1 contains a section describing its particular significance and use. Other test methods listed in 2.1 of this practice may contain sections pertaining to their particular significance and use.

5.2 The physical testing procedures in this practice can be used in conjunction with lot sampling procedures as a basis for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of inflatable restraint fabrics. They may be used to establish the criteria by which inflatable restraint fabrics will be tested by the supplier to determine whether a lot of material is acceptable for shipment to the purchaser.

5.3 This practice addresses all the physical properties that describe inflatable restraint fabrics and their commonly used test methods. Unless otherwise specified by agreement of purchaser and supplier, these standard test methods shall constitute the test conditions, procedures, and equipment used to determine the physical properties of fabrics used in inflatable restraints. It is intended to be used as a guideline in establishing a written material specification. The specification or agreement of purchaser and supplier may deviate from the practices described herein when (based on experience) considerations of fabric properties, material handling equipment, or inflatable restraint system design dictate otherwise.

 
1. Scope

1.1 This practice is a listing of the test methods commonly employed in determining the physical properties of fabrics and yarns used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints.

1.2 Fabrics used in the manufacture of inflatable restraints may be coated or uncoated, and may be comprised of spun yarns, continuous filament yarns, or a combination thereof.

1.3 Fabrics used in the manufacturer of inflatable restraints may be either flat or one piece woven. For the one-piece woven, follow the sampling section of D5446 and the individual test method.

1.4 In Section 9, this practice lists is alphabetical order the procedures associated with conducting physical testing of the following fabric or yarn properties of concern to the design and manufacture of inflatable restraints.

Yarn

Section

 

Denier (Yarn Number)

9.3.1

 

Fiber Content

9.3.2

 

Finish (Extractable Material)

9.3.3

 

Strength and Elongation

9.3.4

 

Twist

9.3.5

Fabric

 

 

Air Permeability

9.3.6

 

Abrasion Resistance

9.3.7

 

Blocking

9.3.8

 

Bow and Skew

9.3.9

 

Breaking Force & Elongation

9.3.10

 

Burst Strength

9.3.11

 

Coating Adhesion

9.3.12

 

Coating Weight

9.3.13

 

Count of Woven Fabric

9.3.14

 

Dynamic Air Permeability

9.3.28

 

Edgecomb Resistance

9.3.29

 

Flammability

9.3.15

 

Fogging (Volatility)

9.3.16

 

Length

9.3.17

 

Mass per Unit Area

9.3.18

 

Non-Fibrous Material

9.3.19

 

Odor

9.3.20

 

Packability

9.3.30

 

pH

9.3.21

 

Stiffness

9.3.22

 

Tear Strength

9.3.23

 

Thickness

9.3.24

 

Warp Size Content & Residual Sizing

9.3.25

 

Width

9.3.26

 

Sewing Thread

9.3.27

1.5 This practice may be used in conjunction with Practice D5427 which prescribes standard practices for the accelerated aging of inflatable restraint fabrics when comparative results of physical properties before and after accelerated aging are required.

1.6 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this practice may be used by agreement of purchaser and supplier with the specific deviations from the standard practice acknowledged in the report.

1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independent of the other.

1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See Note 3.

 
2. Referenced Documents

D1059-17(2022)

Standard Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens

F778-88(2023)

Standard Methods for Gas Flow Resistance Testing of Filtration Media

Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 302—Flammability

J912-A

Resistance to Blocking

J1351

Determination of Odor

FLTM BO116-03

Fogging Standard

FLTM BN13-1

Coating Adhesion

D3775-17(2023)

Standard Test Method for End (Warp) and Pick (Filling) Count of Woven Fabrics

Method 81

pH of Water--Extract from Wet Processed Textiles

D737-18(2023)

Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics

D751-19

Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics

D276-12

Standard Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles (Withdrawn 2021)

D6799-23

Standard Terminology Relating to Inflatable Restraints

D123-23

Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles

D204-02(2021)

Standard Test Methods for Sewing Threads

D5587-15(2024)

Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure

D6476-12(2021)

Standard Test Method for Determining Dynamic Air Permeability of Inflatable Restraint Fabrics

D6478-10(2019)

Standard Test Method for Determining Specific Packability of Fabrics Used in Inflatable Restraints

D6479-15(2020)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Edgecomb Resistance of Woven Fabrics Used in Inflatable Restraints

D6613-08(2019)

Standard Practice for Determining the Presence of Sizing in Nylon or Polyester Fabric

D1388-23

Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics

D1422/D1422M-13(2020)

Standard Test Method for Twist in Single Spun Yarns by the Untwist-Retwist Method

D1423-02

Standard Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting

D1424-21

Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) Apparatus

D1777-96(2019)

Standard Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials

D1907-07

Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method

D2256-02

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by the Single-Strand Method

D3776-09

Standard Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric

D3882-08(2020)

Standard Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven and Knitted Fabrics

D3990-12(2020)

Standard Terminology Relating to Fabric Defects

D4032-08(2016)

Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabric by the Circular Bend Procedure

D4157-13(2022)

Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)

D4851-07(2019)e1

Standard Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use (Includes all amendments and changes 8/14/2019).

D5034-21

Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)

D5427-09(2019)

Standard Practice for Accelerated Aging of Inflatable Restraint Fabrics

D3786-08

Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile FabricsDiaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method

D2257-20

Standard Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles

D2261-13(2024)

Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)

D3773-07

Standard Test Methods for Length of Woven Fabric

D3774-18

Standard Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric