ASTM E351-13

ASTM E351-13 - 1.2.2013

Significance and Use

4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.

1. Scope

1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of pig iron, gray cast iron (including alloy and austenitic), white cast iron, malleable cast iron, and ductile (nodular) iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:

Element

Composition Range, %

Aluminum

0.003 to 0.50

Antimony

0.005 to 0.03

Arsenic

0.02 to 0.10

Bismuth

0.001 to 0.03

Boron

0.001 to 0.10

Cadmium

0.001 to 0.005

Carbon

1.25 to 4.50

Cerium

0.005 to 0.05

Chromium

0.01 to 30.00

Cobalt

0.01 to 4.50

Copper

0.03 to 7.50

Lead

0.001 to 0.15

Magnesium

0.002 to 0.10

Manganese

0.06 to 2.50

Molybdenum

0.01 to 5.00

Nickel

0.01 to 36.00

Phosphorus

0.01 to 0.90

Selenium

0.001 to 0.06

Silicon

0.10 to 6.0

Sulfur

0.005 to 0.25

Tellurium

0.001 to 0.35

Tin

0.001 to 0.35

Titanium

0.001 to 0.20

Tungsten

0.001 to 0.20

Vanadium

0.005 to 0.50

Zinc

0.005 to 0.20

1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:

Sections

Carbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Infrared Absorption Method (1 % to 3 %)

108

Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 % to 4.50 %)—Discontinued

Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method (Ce: 0.003 % to 0.5 %; La: 0.001 % to 0.30 %)

237

Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)

208

Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)

218

Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method (0.05 % to 30.0 %)—Discontinued

Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—Potentiometric Titration Method (2.0 % to 4.5 %)

Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 4.50 %)

Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %)

116

Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %)

Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Method (0.001 % to 0.15 %)

126

Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)

Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to 2.00 %)

Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method (0.10 % to 3.5 %)

152

Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method

257

Molybdenum by the Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.5 %)

196

Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 36.00 %)

168

Nickel by the Ion Exchange-Atomic Absorption Method (0.005 % to 1.00 %)

176

Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %)

160

Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %)

Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 6.0 %)

Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method—Discontinued

Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to 0.25 %)—Discontinued

Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method—Discontinued

Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)

186

Tin by the Sulfide-Iodometric Titration Method (0.01 % to 0.35 %)

Titanium, Total, by the Diantipyrylmethane Spectrophotometric Method (0.006 % to 0.35 %)

246

Vanadium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 0.15 %)

227

1.3 Procedures for the determination of carbon and sulfur not included in these test methods can be found in Test Methods E1019.

1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single method and therefore this standard contains multiple methods for some elements. The user must select the proper method by matching the information given in the Scope and Interference sections of each method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.

1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 6 and in special “Warning” paragraphs throughout these Methods.

2. Referenced Documents

E353-19e1	Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloys (Includes all amendments and changes 2/23/2022).
E380-93	Standard Practice for Use of the Internation System of Units (SI) (the Modernized Metric System) (Withdrawn 1997)
E882-10(2016)e1	Standard Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory (Includes all amendments and changes 10/27/2017).
E1019-18	Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Inert Gas Fusion Techniques
E1024-97	Standard Guide for Chemical Analysis of Metals and Metal Bearing Ores by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
E1806-23	Standard Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition
D1193-06(2018)	Standard Specification for Reagent Water
E50-17	Standard Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E60-11(2022)e1	Standard Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Spectrophotometry (Includes all amendments and changes 6/29/2022).
E135-23a	Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials (Includes all amendments and changes 7/17/2023).
E173-93	Practice for Conducting Interlaboratory Studies of Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals (Withdrawn 1997)
E350-23	Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron
E352-23	Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Tool Steels and Other Similar Medium- and High-Alloy Steels
E29-22	Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications