ASTM D975-98be1 - 10.1.2002
 
1. Scope

1.1 This specification covers five grades of diesel fuel oils suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are described as follows:

1.1.1 Grade Low Sulfur No. 1-D—A special-purpose, light distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines requiring low sulfur fuel and requiring higher volatility than that provided by Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D.

1.1.2 Grade Low Sulfur No. 2-D— A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines requiring low sulfur fuel. It is also suitable for use in non-automotive applications, especially in conditions of varying speed and load.

1.1.3 Grade No. 1-D—A special-purpose, light distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines in applications requiring higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D fuels.

1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D—A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for automotive diesel engines, which is also suitable for use in non-automotive applications, especially in conditions of frequently varying speed and load.

1.1.5 Grade No. 4-D—A heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of distillate and residual oil, for low- and medium-speed diesel engines in non-automotive applications involving predominantly constant speed and load.

Note 1—A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils is given in Appendix X1.2.

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1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery.

1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.

Note 2—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.

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1.3 Values are stated in SI units and are regarded as the standard.

 
2. Referenced Documents

D5842-23

Standard Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement

D524-15(2025)e1

Standard Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products (Includes all amendments and changes 8/11/2025).

D6078-04

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (SLBOCLE)

D6079-24

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)

D6217-21e1

Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory Filtration (Includes all amendments and changes 1/7/2026).

D6304-25

Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

D6371-24

Standard Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating Fuels

D5304-20

Standard Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen Overpressure

D5453-25

Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence

D5771-21

Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)

D5772-21

Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Linear Cooling Rate Method)

D5773-21

Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Constant Cooling Rate Method)

D6751-24

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels

D6890-25

Standard Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber

D6898-03

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricity by an Injection Pump Rig

D6469-24

Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems

D7039-24

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

D7042-25

Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)

D7094-25

Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) Tester

D7170-16

Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Fixed Range Injection Period, Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method (Withdrawn 2019)

D7220-22

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

D7345-23

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method)

D7371-14(2022)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)

D7467-23

Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)

D7545-14(2024)

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)

D7619-22

Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle Counter

D7668-25

Standard Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils—Ignition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method

D7688-24

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) by Visual Observation

D7689-21

Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)

D7861-24

Standard Test Method for Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Diesel Fuel by Linear Variable Filter (LVF) Array Based Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy

E29-22

Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications

E1064-24

Standard Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration

D6468-22

Standard Test Method for High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels

D613-25a

Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil (Includes all amendments and changes 11/6/2025).

D1266-18

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method) (Withdrawn 2025)

D1319-25

Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption

D1552-23

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detection or Thermal Conductivity Detection (TCD)

D1796-22

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)

D2274-14(2019)

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)

D2500-23

Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels

D3828-16a(2021)

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester (Includes all amendments and changes 7/26/2021).

D4057-22

Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products

D4177-22e1

Standard Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Includes all amendments and changes 3/24/2023).

D4294-24

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

D4306-20

Standard Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination

D4308-24

Standard Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter

D4539-22

Standard Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels by Low-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)

D4737-21

Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation

D4865-23

Standard Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems

D3120-25

Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry

D2709-22

Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge

D2880-23

Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils

D2887-24

Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

D3117-03

Standard Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate Fuels (Withdrawn 2010)

D2622-26

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

D2624-24

Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels

D56-22

Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester

D86-23ae2

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Includes all amendments and changes 11/4/2024).

D93-26

Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester

D129-18

Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method) (Withdrawn 2023)

D130-26

Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test

D445-24

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

D482-25

Standard Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products

D5854-25

Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products