ASTM E2277-03 - 6.1.2012
 
1. Scope

1.1 This guide covers procedures for the design and construction of engineered structural fills using coal fly ash, bottom ash, or ponded ash.

1.2 The utilization of coal ash under this guide is a component of a pollution prevention program; Guide E 1609 describes pollution prevention activities in more detail. Utilization of coal ash in this manner conserves land, natural resources, and energy.

1.3 This guide applies only to fly ash and bottom ash produced primarily by the combustion of coal.

1.4 The testing, engineering, and construction practices for coal ash fills are similar to generally accepted practices for natural soil fills. Coal ash structural fills should be designed using generally accepted engineering practices.

1.5 Laws and regulations governing the use of coal ash vary by state. The user of this guide has the responsibility to determine and comply with applicable requirements.

1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

 
2. Referenced Documents

PP059–09–UL

Standard Practice for Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Embankments

D698-12(2021)

Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3))

D4972-19

Standard Test Methods for pH of Soils

D5084-16a

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter (Includes all amendments and changes 12/27/2016).

D5239-12

Standard Practice for Characterizing Fly Ash for Use in Soil Stabilization

D5550-23

Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Gas Pycnometer

D5759-12(2020)

Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses

D1883-21

Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils

D2166-06

Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil

D2167-15

Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon Method (Withdrawn 2024)

D2216-19

Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass

D2435-04

Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading

D2844-07

Standard Test Method for Resistance R-Value and Expansion Pressure of Compacted Soils

D2850-23

Standard Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive Soils

D854-23

Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by the Water Displacement Method

D1195/D1195M-21

Standard Test Method for Repetitive Static Plate Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components for Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pavements

D1196/D1996M

Test Method for Nonrepetitive Static Plate Load Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components, for Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pavements

D1452-09

Standard Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by Auger Borings

D1556-07

Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method

D1557-12(2021)

Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3))

D1586-11

Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils

D7181-20

Standard Test Method for Consolidated Drained Triaxial Compression Test for Soils

E2201-13(2020)

Standard Terminology for Coal Combustion Products

G51-23

Standard Test Method for Measuring pH of Soil for Use in Corrosion Evaluations

G57-20

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Soil Resistivity Using the Wenner Four-Electrode Method

T288

Determining Minimum Laboratory Soil Resistivity

T289

Determining pH of Soil for Use in Corrosion Testing

T290

Determining Water Soluble Sulfate Ion Content in Soil

T291

Determining Water Soluble Chloride Ion Content in Soil

SW 846

Test Methods for Evaluationg Solid Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods

29 CFR Part 1910.1200

Hazard Communication

D2922-05

Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) (Withdrawn 2007)

D4959-24

Standard Test Method for Determination of Water Content of Soil By Direct Heating

D3987-12(2020)

Standard Practice for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water

D4253-16e1

Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table (Includes all amendments and changes 11/21/2019).

D4254-16

Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density

D4429-09

Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Soils in Place

D4767-11(2020)

Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive Soils

D3877-08

Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion, Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures (Withdrawn 2017)

D3550-01

Standard Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of Soils

D653-22

Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids

C150/E150M

Specification for Portland Cement

C188-17(2023)

Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement

C311-11

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete

C593-19

Standard Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for Use With Lime for Soil Stabilization

C595/C595M-23

Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements

C618-23e1

Standard Specification for Coal Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete (Includes all amendments and changes 3/21/2023).

C1157-08

Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement

C1600

Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement

D75-03

Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates

D422-63(1998)

Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils