ASTM E354-21 - 1.3.2021
 
Significance and Use

4.1?These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.

 
1. Scope

1.1?These test methods cover the chemical analysis of high-temperature, electrical, magnetic, and other similar iron, nickel, and cobalt alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:

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Element

Composition Range, %

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Aluminum

0.005

to

18.00

?

?

Beryllium

0.001

to

0.05

?

?

Boron

0.001

to

1.00

?

?

Calcium

0.002

to

0.05

?

?

Carbon

0.001

to

1.10

?

?

Chromium

0.10

to

33.00

?

?

Cobalt

0.10

to

75.00

?

?

Columbium (Niobium)

0.01

to

6.0

?

?

Copper

0.01

to

10.00

?

?

Iron

0.01

to

85.00

?

?

Magnesium

0.001

to

0.05

?

?

Manganese

0.01

to

3.0

?

?

Molybdenum

0.01

to

30.0

?

?

Nickel

0.10

to

84.0

?

?

Nitrogen

0.001

to

0.20

?

?

Phosphorus

0.002

to

0.08

?

?

Silicon

0.01

to

5.00

?

?

Sulfur

0.002

to

0.10

?

?

Tantalum

0.005

to

10.0

?

?

Titanium

0.01

to

5.00

?

?

Tungsten

0.01

to

18.00

?

?

Vanadium

0.01

to

3.25

?

?

Zirconium

0.01

to

2.50

?

1.2?The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:

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Sections

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Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20 %
to 7.00 %)

100 107

Carbon, Total, by the Combustion-Thermal Conductivity MethodDiscontinued 1986

124 134

Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to
1.10 %)Discontinued 2014

79 89

Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method
(0.006 % to 1.00 %)

165 174

Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate OxidationTitration Method
(0.10 % to 33.00 %)

175 183

Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method
Discontinued 1980

116 123

Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange-Potentiometric Titration Method (2 %
to 75 %)

53 60

Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 %
to 5.0 %)

61 70

Copper by Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to
10.00 %)

90 99

Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric
Method (0.01 % to 10.00 %)

71 78

Iron by the Silver Reduction Titrimetric Method (1.0 % to 50.0 %)

192 199

Manganese by the Metaperiodate Spectrophotometric Method
(0.05 % to 2.00 %)

9 18

Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravi-
metric Method (1.5 % to 30 %)

184 191

Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method
(0.01 % to 1.50 %)

153 164

Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to
84.0 %)

135 142

Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method
(0.002 % to 0.08 %)

19 30

Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 5.00 %)

46 52

Sulfur by the Gravimetric MethodDiscontinued
1988

Former 30 36

Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to
0.1 %)Discontinued 2014

37 45

Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric MethodDiscontinued
1980

108 115

Tin by the Solvent ExtractionAtomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)

143 152

1.3?Methods for the determination of carbon and sulfur not included in this standard can be found in Test Methods E1019.

1.4?Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single method and therefore this standard contains multiple methods for some elements. The user must select the proper method by matching the information given in the Scope and Interference sections of each method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.

1.5?UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.

1.6?This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 6 and in special Warning paragraphs throughout these test methods.

1.7?This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

 
2. Referenced Documents

E350-23

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron

D1193-06(2018)

Standard Specification for Reagent Water

E29-22

Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications

E50-17

Standard Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials

E60-11(2022)e1

Standard Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Spectrophotometry (Includes all amendments and changes 6/29/2022).

E135-23a

Standard Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials (Includes all amendments and changes 7/17/2023).

E173-93

Practice for Conducting Interlaboratory Studies of Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals (Withdrawn 1997)

E351-18

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron´All Types

E353-19e1

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloys (Includes all amendments and changes 2/23/2022).

E882-10(2016)e1

Standard Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory (Includes all amendments and changes 10/27/2017).

E1019-18

Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and Inert Gas Fusion Techniques

E1601-19

Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method

E1806-23

Standard Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition

ISO?5725

Precision of Test Methods--Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility for Inter-Laboratory Tests Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.

E352-23

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Tool Steels and Other Similar Medium- and High-Alloy Steels